Learn about the functions, features and terms for apps like Google Sheets, Google Analytics, Google Ads, Google Search Console, Facebook (meta) Ads, and Shopify.
An experiment comparing two versions of an ad (different creative or targeting) by showing each to …
A predefined date range shortcut used in Insights API queries (e.g., last_7d, this_month, etc.). It…
Date-based release identifier (YYYY-MM) for Admin & Storefront APIs.
A function that enables one formula to return values into multiple cells by treating ranges as arra…
Returns the arithmetic mean of numeric values in a range.
Returns the average of values in a range that meet a given criterion.
Returns the average of values in a range that meet multiple criteria.
A cell reference that remains fixed when a formula is copied. It's marked by $ signs (for example, …
Credential used by apps to authenticate API calls.
The time window(s) used to attribute actions (such as link clicks or conversions) to ads. For examp…
A parameter that breaks down action metrics by categories such as action type, device, or destinati…
Determines whether an action's date is reported based on the ad impression date or the actual conve…
An advertisement delivered to users. It consists of creative elements (image/video/text) and a call…
The entity through which you pay for and manage ads on Meta platforms. Every ad account has its own…
The design and content of an ad (images, videos, text, etc.) used to engage users.
A group of ads that share the same budget, schedule, bid strategy, and targeting.
A third-party or Google-provided extension that adds new capabilities to Google Sheets. Add-ons can…
Core REST & GraphQL API for managing store data.
Embedded GraphQL explorer in the Admin for testing API queries and mutations.
A Meta feature (formerly Campaign Budget Optimization) where Meta distributes a campaign's budget a…
A targeting option that lets Meta expand a Custom Audience by finding similar users if it predicts …
An option allowing Meta to widen detailed targeting criteria (interests, demographics) beyond what …
A setting that allows Meta to increase the size of your Lookalike Audience beyond the initial range…
An AI-powered targeting option that automatically expands an ad's reach by finding additional users…
An automated format (formerly Dynamic Ads) that uses your product catalog to show the right product…
A feature that uses AI to optimize ad creative (images, headlines, colors, etc.) on a per-user basi…
A setting that allows an ad to run across all eligible placements (Facebook, Instagram, Messenger, …
A breakdown dimension by age range. It groups results into standard age buckets (e.g., 18-24, 25-34…
Software that extends Shopify via APIs or UI integrations.
JavaScript SDK that allows embedded apps to communicate with Shopify Admin, POS and Checkout UIs.
Routes storefront requests through /{proxy_prefix} to an app server (signed).
One-time credit to merchant's bill (usually for refunds).
A JavaScript-based scripting platform for automating and extending Google Sheets (and other Workspa…
File inside a theme (template, section, JS, CSS, image).
An ad set field that shows the default action attribution window (e.g. "28d_click") used for that a…
The bidding process by which Meta selects which ad to show to a user. Ads compete in real-time base…
The group of users defined by targeting criteria (demographics, interests, behaviors, etc.) that an…
Meta's ad network that places Facebook/Instagram ads into external mobile apps and websites, extend…
A feature where dragging the fill handle (a small square at a cell corner) copies or continues a pa…
A quick way to sum a range using the Σ button or menu. It inserts a SUM function automatically.
A bid strategy where you set the maximum bid Meta can place in the auction for results.
Family of endpoints for apps to create charges (recurring, usage, one-time) on merchant bills.
Child element within a section that merchants can add/reorder.
A text style that makes selected cell contents thicker/darker.
A line around a cell or range to visually separate it.
A parameter to group (segment) results by various dimensions. Common breakdowns include demographic…
Async GraphQL job for exporting/importing large data sets.
A campaign-level field that indicates the bidding and buying method. Possible values are AUCTION (d…
Joins exactly two strings or values together. It is similar to &.
Returns the number of numeric values in a range.
Returns the number of non-empty values (numbers or text) in a range.
Returns the count of cells in a range that meets a single criterion.
Returns the count of cells meeting multiple criteria across ranges.
Standard shortcuts for copying (Ctrl+C) and pasting (Ctrl+V) cell contents or ranges.
Undo (Ctrl+Z) reverses the last action, and Redo (Ctrl+Y) reapplies it.
The top-level structure in Meta ads, grouping ad sets that share the same objective. Each campaign …
An older term (subsumed by Advantage Campaign Budget) for allowing Meta to distribute campaign spen…
The former name for Instant Experience ads – full-screen, mobile-optimized interactive ads.
A multi-image/video ad format where users can swipe through up to 10 cards, each with its own link.
App-provided callback that returns realtime shipping rates.
Deprecated REST object; use Storefront Cart API to build pre-checkout session.
The intersection of a row and column where you enter data. Each cell has a unique address (like A1 …
A way to refer to a cell's value in a formula, using its address (e.g., A1). References can be rela…
A graphical representation of data in Sheets (such as bar, line, pie charts). Charts summarize tren…
An interactive box in a cell that can be checked (TRUE) or unchecked (FALSE).
In-progress purchase session before it becomes an order.
Framework for extending Checkout via UI & Function extensions (replaces checkout.liquid on Plus).
An instance of a user tapping or clicking on an ad or its link, indicating engagement.
The percentage of impressions that resulted in a click. Calculated as (Clicks ÷ Impressions)×100.
(Facebook's older term for assets shared in Business Manager; no longer commonly used.)
Group of products displayed together. Two types: custom & smart.
A mobile-only ad format that features a cover image/video with multiple product images below; tappi…
A vertical series of cells identified by a letter (A, B, C, …).
A note attached to a cell by a user. Comments allow discussions or suggestions.
Joins together multiple text strings or cell values into one string.
A feature to automatically apply formatting (colour, font style) to cells that meet specified rules.
A specific action a user takes (purchase, sign-up, lead, etc.) that an advertiser deems valuable, t…
The percentage of clicks (or other initiated events) that result in conversions.
An ad relevance diagnostic showing how an ad's conversion rate compares to ads with the same optimi…
A server-side integration that lets advertisers send customer action (conversion) data from their s…
Built-in targeting defined by Meta using parameters like demographics, location, interests, and beh…
The cost incurred on average for each action (click, conversion, or other defined event) an ad rece…
A pricing/bidding model where an advertiser pays for each click on their ad.
Cost per thousand impressions. The amount an advertiser pays for 1,000 ad impressions.
A breakdown dimension grouping results by the country of the user who saw the ad. This is useful to…
Displays numbers as monetary values with a currency symbol.
OAuth-installed for a single merchant, made in Partner Dashboard.
A targeting group created from an advertiser's own data (customer lists, website visitors, app user…
Manually-curated collection. Merchant adds products explicitly.
Shopper profile containing contact info, addresses and order history.
JWT-like token used by Storefront API for authenticated customer sessions.
Saved dynamic filter using ShopifyQL to group customers.
A breakdown dimension for U.S. markets, representing Nielsen's designated market areas (like TV/rad…
The average amount of money an advertiser is willing to spend per day on an ad set or campaign.
A feature that restricts what can be entered in a cell. You can, for example, create drop-down list…
A boolean flag (true/false) controlling whether the API should include a summary section in the res…
A breakdown dimension for the platform and device used when the ad was seen. For example, "Facebook…
Redeemable code linked to a price rule that applies a discount at checkout.
Editable order created by apps/merchants before payment capture.
App that loads inside an iframe within the Shopify Admin or POS, typically using App Bridge.
Any user interaction with an ad, including reactions, comments, shares, clicks, or video views.
A ranking of the ad's expected engagement rate (all clicks, likes, comments, shares) compared to ad…
Logged change on a resource (viewable in Admin timeline).
The option to exclude certain audiences from targeting, such as people who already purchased or vis…
Pressing F4 while editing a formula toggles between relative and absolute references for the select…
Returns a subset of a range that meets criteria (the function version of filtering).
A query parameter listing the specific fields or metrics to return in an API call. By default, only…
A tool that temporarily hides rows or columns that don't meet certain criteria.
A parameter that filters the returned data on an Insights query. It takes an array of JSON filter o…
Finds text or values in the sheet and (optionally) replaces them.
Options to change the appearance of text in cells.
Copies formatting from one cell and applies it to another.
An expression beginning with = that calculates values, possibly using functions.
The input area above the sheet grid where you enter or edit the contents of the active cell, includ…
Keeps selected rows or columns visible while scrolling.
The average number of times each person saw your ad during the reporting period. Facebook defines i…
A limit set on how many times the same person will see an ad within a given time frame.
A breakdown dimension showing how many times people saw your ad. Instead of giving an average, it d…
Shipment/tracking record applied to fulfillment orders.
Splittable unit of items that must be fulfilled together from one location.
Ask a third-party fulfillment service to accept a fulfillment order.
External service that receives fulfillment requests (e.g., 3PL).
Mandatory privacy hooks (customers/redact, shop/redact, customers/data_request).
A breakdown dimension by user gender. It separates performance metrics for "male", "female", and "u…
Pre-paid value that can be redeemed at checkout; has code and balance.
Facebook's primary HTTP API for reading/writing to the social graph (all data on Facebook's platfor…
Query language variant of Admin & Storefront APIs.
The faint lines separating cells; can be shown/hidden via View → Show → Gridlines.
Horizontal lookup function; searches for a key in the first row of a range and returns the value fr…
Functions like IMPORTHTML, IMPORTXML, IMPORTDATA, etc., that fetch and insert data from external so…
Creates a clickable link in a cell.
Temporarily hides a row or column.
React-based framework to build custom storefronts on Storefront API.
Returns one value if a condition is TRUE, and another if FALSE.
Imports a range of cells from another Google Sheets file.
Returns the content of a cell specified by a row and column number within a range.
Returns the reference specified by a text string. Useful for building dynamic references.
Data entered into a cell. (Not to be confused with formulas.)
The menu or function to add elements like rows, columns, charts, images, or functions.
A vertical, full-screen video ad that appears between Reels clips on Instagram (and Facebook) to us…
A short (up to 15-second) vertical image or video ad that appears between user Stories on Instagram…
A full-screen, fast-loading mobile ad format (formerly Canvas) that opens after an ad is tapped, al…
Represents physical SKU tracked across all locations; linked to a variant.
Quantity of an inventory item at a specific location.
When enabled, allows formulas to calculate iteratively (useful for circular references).
Text functions extracting parts of a string.
Plus automation tool to schedule flash sales, theme changes and product publishing.
LEN(text) returns the number of characters in text.
Indicates the granularity of the Insights report. Possible values are ad, adset, campaign, or accou…
A total campaign budget spread over the entire duration of an ad set or campaign, rather than per d…
A special recent feature to link data (like people, and events) via smart chips.
Templating language used in themes and email templates.
Physical place stock is stored or sales occur (warehouse, retail, SFN).
Focusing ads on people in specific geographic areas, such as countries, cities, or radii around loc…
Returns the logarithm of a number.
An audience of new people Facebook creates by finding users who share similar characteristics (demo…
A family of functions (like VLOOKUP, HLOOKUP, INDEX/MATCH, etc.) used to find data.
Automated sequences of actions recorded in Sheets. Macros generate Apps Script code.
Return the minimum or maximum of a set of values.
The top menu bar (File, Edit, View, etc.) that contains most commands.
Combines adjacent cells into one larger cell.
An ad format delivered inside Facebook Messenger (e.g., sponsored messages or click-to-Messenger ad…
A deprecated ad format that sent promotional messages directly to users who had previously interact…
The rebranded name for Business Manager: a dashboard to claim and manage your Facebook/Instagram Pa…
Meta's all-in-one tool to manage Facebook and Instagram business presence: create/schedule posts, r…
A piece of JavaScript code placed on a website to collect data for tracking conversions from Meta a…
Key-value storage attached to most resources to extend data model. Namespaced.
Admin-defined schema that enforces type/validation for metafields.
Structured CMS-style content type definable by merchants/apps.
Google Sheets app on phones/tablets. Many core features are available, though the interface is opti…
An event (user action) tracked within a mobile app (iOS/Android) using Facebook's SDK, used for ad …
TODAY() returns today's date; NOW() returns the current date and time. They update automatically.
A user-defined name for a cell or range.
Legacy comments that are simple text (pre-2019). Similar to comments but no replies.
How numbers are displayed (e.g., currency, date, percentage).
Automatic numbering or indenting of cells/rows.
Authorization flow granting an app scoped API access to a store.
Google Sheets can open/edit Excel (.xlsx), CSV, and others.
Logical functions. AND returns TRUE if all arguments are true; OR if any argument is true.
The primary goal of an ad campaign (e.g., Awareness, Traffic, Conversions), which determines how Me…
A feature that lets advertisers upload data about real-world conversions (sales, calls, etc.) and a…
A simple trigger that runs an Apps Script function automatically when a user edits the spreadsheet …
The specific action or metric (clicks, impressions, conversions, etc.) that an ad set is optimized …
Completed purchase record containing line items, shipping, taxes, payments and fulfillments.
Individual product/variant entry inside an order.
Globally-distributed hosting platform for Hydrogen storefronts.
Targeting option to include or exclude people based on their connection to your Facebook Page, app,…
Options to paste only certain parts of copied content (values, formats, formulas, etc.).
The access level granted to a collaborator (Viewer, Commenter, Editor).
A tool to summarize and analyze large data sets by grouping and aggregating data. It lets you "pivo…
Synonym for Meta Pixel (see Meta Pixel above).
Legacy term for a Custom Audience created from website traffic tracked by the Meta Pixel (now just …
A breakdown by ad placement (where the ad was shown) such as "Facebook News Feed" vs "Instagram Sto…
In-store selling app/hardware that shares inventory & orders with the online shop.
Design system and React component library for building Shopify-consistent interfaces.
The former advanced tool for creating and editing multiple Facebook ads in bulk; its functionality …
Parent object for discount codes or automatic discounts. Defines eligibility & value.
The action of printing or saving as PDF.
Sellable item in the catalog. Contains title, description, media, options and variants.
A catalog is a file or feed containing your products' details (IDs, names, images, prices) for use …
A specific purchasable version of a product (size / color etc.). Own SKU, price, inventory ID.
The current Google account using the sheet (shows avatar or initials at top).
The Google account profile affecting locale/format.
A security feature to restrict who can edit certain cells or ranges.
Lock an entire sheet so only certain users can edit it.
OAuth-installed app listed on the Shopify App Store.
Feature to generate a public link or embed code for viewers (read-only).
A breakdown dimension by the publisher (Meta platform) where the ad ran, such as "Facebook", "Insta…
Runs a SQL-like query (using Google's query language) on a range to filter, aggregate, and sort dat…
A relevance metric indicating how an ad's perceived quality compares to other ads competing for the…
The status bar at the bottom that shows SUM (and other aggregations) of selected cells.
Text functions. REPLACE replaces part of a text string by position, SUBSTITUTE replaces by matching…
JSON-over-HTTPS endpoints for Admin data.
Revenue generated per ad spend. Calculated as (total ad-driven revenue) ÷ (total ad spend).
A rectangular block of cells, specified by two cell references (e.g. A1:C5).
Throttle preventing API abuse (e.g., REST bucket 2 requests/second, GraphQL cost-based).
The number of unique people who saw your ads at least once. Unlike impressions, reach counts each p…
Google Sheets allows multiple users to view/edit simultaneously, with coloured cursors for each per…
Subscription billing record for public apps.
Return of funds to customer; may restock items.
Three metrics (Quality Ranking, Engagement Rate Ranking, Conversion Rate Ranking) that show how you…
A deprecated metric (replaced by Relevance Diagnostics) that gave a single score (1–10) indicating …
A feature to delete duplicate rows in a range.
Change the names of sheets or objects.
Post-purchase returns workflow via the Returns API (Plus only).
A horizontal series of cells identified by a number (1, 2, 3, …).
The online development environment (Extensions → Apps Script) where you write Apps Script code for …
A software development kit provided by Meta that allows app developers to integrate Facebook featur…
Sorts an array or range by one or more columns.
Surface where products are sold (Online Store, POS, Shop app, Facebook, etc.).
A group of targeting settings (demographics, interests, behaviors) saved for reuse across multiple …
Snippet injected into storefront pages for analytics or widgets.
Reusable, configurable component in Online Store 2.0 themes.
Defines how a subscription product is billed and delivered, grouping selling plan allocations.
The action of giving others access to the sheet via email or link.
See Permission (Share) under P.
Container of zones and rates per product group.
Carrier-calculated or fixed price offered to customers in a checkout.
Countries/regions that share the same shipping rates.
The merchant's storefront record. Holds global settings such as name, primary domain, currency, pla…
Accelerated checkout that stores customer payment and shipping info for faster purchases.
Store's legal pages (refund, privacy, terms, shipping).
Plus feature that builds custom audience lists for ad platforms using aggregated shop data.
Business banking account offering card, instant payouts and financial insights within Shopify.
Dev tool to scaffold, test and deploy apps, themes and extensions.
Financing program providing cash advances or loans to merchants with repayment from future sales.
No-code automation tool that consumes shop events and triggers actions.
Server-side WASM functions that extend backend logic (discounts, shipping, etc.).
Customer messaging tool integrating live chat into the store with a centralized inbox.
Cross-border management suite enabling multi-currency, language, duties and localized domains.
Enterprise plan tier providing advanced features, dedicated support and higher API rate limits.
Automated U.S. sales-tax calculation and liability tracking solution for merchants.
SQL-like query language for commerce data used in reports and Customer Segments.
See Keyboard Shortcut.
See Keyboard Shortcut.
(In this table, not a Meta ad term; it is the lowercase, hyphenated identifier for a term.)
Rule-based collection that populates automatically from product conditions.
Specifies how to sort the returned data. You can sort by any numeric field in ascending or descendi…
A tool to reorder rows based on column values.
The entire file (sometimes called "book"), which can contain multiple sheets (tabs).
The Google Sheets application itself (either web or mobile).
Unique identifier in the URL for each Google Sheets file (used in scripts or APIs).
Customer-facing sales channel using Online Store theme or Hydrogen.
GraphQL API for customer-facing shopping experiences.
A set of formatting attributes (font, colour, etc.) that can be reused (similar to themes).
Small text above/below the normal line (available under Format → Text).
Represents an active agreement with a customer for recurring purchases based on a selling plan.
A parameter to include an aggregated summary in the API response. It takes a comma-separated string…
Formats a number using a format string.
See IMPORTHTML under H.
A feature (Advantage Detailed Targeting) that allows Meta to expand your detailed targeting beyond …
File that determines layout of a resource page (product.json, page.liquid).
A pre-made sheet layout.
A family of functions (e.g., CONCAT, LEFT, UPPER) that manipulate text.
Complete package of Liquid, JSON templates, assets and settings powering Online Store.
Packaged theme blocks/assets shipped by an app and installed without code edits.
Legacy CLI tool for theme development that uploads/downloads theme files via API.
A video ad optimization option where Meta shows a video ad to users likely to watch at least 15 sec…
The size of time slices for splitting the result set. After choosing a reporting period (via date_p…
A parameter to specify an exact date range for Insights data. It takes a JSON object with since and…
An array of multiple time range objects for overlapping or comparative queries. Each entry has sinc…
A specialized chart type (via add-on) to visualize chronological data (timeline charts).
Google Sheets often shows helpful tips or suggestions (like pivot table suggestions under the Explo…
Text labels such as chart titles or header rows.
The row of icons/buttons (formatting tools, etc.) under the menu bar.
Another term for the Meta Pixel (see Meta Pixel above).
Record of a payment event on an order: authorization, capture, refund, void.
Flips the orientation of a range (rows to columns or vice versa).
An event that runs an Apps Script function automatically (see Triggers below).
Packaged front-end component injected at designated extension points in Admin, POS or Checkout.
Text decorations.
See CTRL+Z / CTRL+Y under C.
Functions like IMPORTDATA, IMPORTFEED, IMPORTHTML, etc., that fetch data from web resources.
The number of people who took at least one action (of any type) attributed to your ad. Unlike the a…
The number of people who clicked on your ad at least once. This differs from total clicks if some p…
Variable fee attached to an active recurring charge.
A boolean parameter that forces the Insights query to use the ad account's default attribution wind…
A boolean parameter that uses a unified attribution setting (typically ad-set-level) for all result…
Converts text that looks like a number into a numeric value.
The menu contains options for zoom, freeze, gridlines, protected sheets, and view-specific actions.
Vertical lookup; searches for a key in the first column of a range and returns a value from another…
An optimization strategy where Meta optimizes ad delivery toward users predicted to generate the hi…
A log of all changes saved over time.
An ad format using video content to engage users. Often includes captions, call-to-action, and thum…
A metric counting how many times a video ad was watched for a certain duration (e.g., 3 seconds or …
Another way to say share permissions.
A published Apps Script project that can be accessed via a URL.
Functions like IMPORTHTML, IMPORTXML, etc., that pull data from web pages.
A mechanism that sends automated notifications from Facebook to a developer's server when certain e…
HTTP callback notifying apps of store events (orders/create, products/update…).
A desired action completed on an advertiser's website (purchase, signup, etc.) that is tracked from…
The old name for audiences created from website visitors (now referred to simply as Custom Audience…
Special characters for pattern matching (used in functions like COUNTIF). "*" matches any sequence …
Though Google Sheets doesn't use this term (it's a worksheet in Sheets), it refers to an entire spr…
A single tab in a spreadsheet (often called a "worksheet" in Excel).
Makes long text wrap to a new line within its cell.
Controls how the text fits in a cell (overflow, wrap, or clip).
